Grown-ups and kids are different in some ways, and one of them appears to be how they react to atypical antipsychotics. These drugs are also known as second-generation antipsychotics, and they have pretty much replaced first-generation antipsychotics. There isn’t much difference, but the difference is an important one: with SGAs, the patient is less likely to suffer from movement disorders.
SGAs are prescribed to treat schizophrenia, autism, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. It looks like kids are more likely to gain weight with these drugs, to the point of entering the overweight or obese range. Or, to quote Dr. Mary Ann E. Zagaria of Nurse Practitioner World News,
With the increasingly widespread use of SGAs, clinicians are facing more and more cases of SGA-associated disruptions in metabolic function manifested by weight gain, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia, including new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
In other words, whether they are strictly needed or not to solve already existing problems, these drugs can cause even more problems. Clozapine and Olanzapine are the worst in that respect. Dr. Zagaria notes that weight gain is a side effect commonly found when antipsychotics are taken by either adults or children.
In the United Kingdom, the treatment of children with antidepressants was discontinued in 2003, we are told by Andrew M. Weiss, who has served on the faculty of Iona College and whose field is technology in education. He is interested in the number of babies, children, and youth in the United States who routinely take legal psychotropic drugs. Weiss writes,
Common population estimates include at least eight million children, ages two to eighteen, receiving prescriptions for ADD, ADHD, bipolar disorder, autism, simple depression, schizophrenia, and the dozens of other disorders now included in psychiatric classification manuals… Today, the total toddler count is well past one million, and influential psychiatrists have insisted that mental health prescriptions are appropriate for children as young as twelve months.
One school of thought characterizes this as “hyper-medicalizing.” According to its philosophy, mind-altering substances should only be a very last resort in the most complicated and difficult cases. People who subscribe to this kind of thinking can admit the possibility that maybe one child in a thousand might require psychotropic medication. They are just not comfortable with a mainstream medical environment where nearly one child in 10 is “on something.”
The differing attitudes toward these particular pediatric pharmaceuticals are a classic case of interests in conflict. The involved parties are parents, doctors, pharmaceutical companies, the government and, of course, the children. Their needs and wants are not always in alignment. Who will ultimately have the privilege to decide how much medicalizing is too much medicalizing?
Every individual prescription of a psychotropic drug presents its own set of conflicts of interest. In regard to the original problem and symptoms, the patient’s condition might improve. On the other hand, the patient might develop side effects like tardive dyskinesia, or involuntary repetitive movements. This sort of behavior brands a kid as a spazz and is a guaranteed bully magnet. Another potential side effect is a life-threatening disorder of the white blood cells.
The medication might cause slurred speech and impaired balance, or even narcolepsy. Being arrested for public intoxication is an undesirable side effect, and so is falling asleep at the wheel of a car, or while waiting for the subway. This is why the conscientious professional follows up and adjusts the dosage if necessary, to fine-tune and minimize the side effects. Weiss says,
The attempt to control these side effects has resulted in many children taking as many as eight additional drugs every day, but in many cases, this has only compounded the problem. Each ‘helper’ drug produces unwanted side effects of its own.
The bottom line here is that an awful lot of children are taking an awful lot of medications, and some of those drugs are proven to cause various side effects including weight gain, and weight gain can even become obesity. The psycho-pharmaceutical environment that makes this possible is just another element of the Childhood Obesity Perfect Storm.
Your responses and feedback are welcome!
Source: “Antipsychotic-associated Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risks,” Nurse Practitioner World News, 03/11
Source: “The Wholesale Sedation of America’s Youth,” CSICOP.org, 12/08
Image by colros (Sandra Cohen-Rose and Colin Rose), used under its Creative Commons license.
2 Responses
Oh, Pat! You’re not afraid to open a can of worms, are you?! I’m so glad you’re saying it, because I am alarmed myself at the cavalier manner that way too many of our kids are being medded up. I had never thought of it being related to obesity, but then I guess so. I subbed in the public schools for awhile. At one particular school, I was daily mortified at the two big lunchroom-size trays FILLED with tiny little pill cups, all to be administered to different children… in an elementary school, no less. I KNOW there are better ways to deal with some of those problems than popping a pill. I have a dear cousin who happens to be a school teacher, and I think it was all four of her boys who had trouble with ADHD. She refused to put ANY of them were on meds, but she did work with them on how to focus and deal with the other symptoms. It is possible to do it med-free, maybe not in all cases, but definitely some. It’s admittedly harder in the short term, but the long term is the real blessing. All her boys are grown now and leading extremely productive, even heroic, lives. Their amazing energy is going to some great causes. I guess maybe I’ll draw some fire for blurting out that not-too-popular opinion, but that’s okay. I know what I know. ; ) –Barbara G.
This matter first caught my attention in around 1974 when I worked with a guy who was not exactly obese, but certainly padded and cushiony. And lethargic. Very, very laid back. He had been on Ritalin for years as a kid for hyperactivity. Well, there was certainly no sign of hyperactivity in the grownup version! I started thinking then, something funny is going on.